| Hazard and exposure | Identify the dust type, task, exposure level, and whether oil aerosols, gases, or vapors are present. | Base selection on a workplace hazard assessment. A particulate respirator does not protect against gases or vapors. | The right protection depends on the actual airborne hazard, not simply on how dusty a job appears. |
| Filtration class | Check the applicable approval or certification and the filter’s stated efficiency and limitations. | For example, a NIOSH-approved N95 filters at least 95% of test particles under prescribed test conditions; it is not oil-resistant. P-series filters are oil-proof, subject to their use limitations. | A recognized rating helps confirm performance for the intended particulate hazard. |
| Fit and face seal | Look for a secure nose area, suitable size and shape, and straps that hold the respirator in position. | Tight-fitting respirators require an appropriate fit test where required; check the seal each time the respirator is put on. Facial hair can interfere with the sealing surface. | Air can leak around the edges if the respirator does not seal properly, reducing protection. |
| Breathing resistance | Check product information and assess comfort during the expected work activity. | Choose a model suitable for the work rate and environment. Replace or maintain it according to its instructions and workplace procedures. | A respirator that is difficult to breathe through may be uncomfortable and less likely to be worn consistently. |
| Exhalation valve | Determine whether a valve is suitable for the task and any workplace or infection-control requirements. | A valve may make exhalation feel easier, but it does not add filtration efficiency and may allow exhaled air to pass out unfiltered. | The valve affects comfort and source-control considerations, not the respirator’s basic filter rating. |
| Durability and condition | Review whether the model is disposable or reusable, and check its storage, cleaning, and replacement instructions. | Replace a disposable respirator when damaged, soiled, difficult to breathe through, or otherwise unsuitable under workplace procedures and the manufacturer’s instructions. | Damage, contamination, or poor maintenance can compromise fit or performance. |
| Compatibility with other PPE | Check compatibility with safety glasses, goggles, hearing protection, helmets, and other required equipment. | Try the complete PPE combination and confirm that it does not disturb the respirator seal or obstruct vision. | PPE that interferes with the fit can create gaps or make safe use more difficult. |
| Workplace respiratory program | Check applicable local regulations and whether medical evaluation, fit testing, training, and a written program are required. | In the United States, OSHA’s respiratory protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134) sets requirements for covered workplaces using respirators. | A suitable respirator is only one part of an effective respiratory protection program. |