| 1 | HDPE Geomembrane | High-density polyethylene | 0.75–3.00 mm thickness; smooth or textured surfaces | Low-permeability liquid and vapor containment with high chemical resistance | Landfill liners, mining leach pads, wastewater ponds, aquaculture ponds, reservoirs | ASTM D6693, ASTM D6392, GRI GM13 |
| 2 | PP Nonwoven Geotextile | Polypropylene staple fiber | 100–1,200 g/m²; filtration and separation grades | Filtration, separation, drainage, protection, and moderate reinforcement | Roads, railways, embankments, drainage trenches, erosion-control systems | ASTM D4491, ASTM D4751, ASTM D4632 |
| 3 | PET Nonwoven Geotextile | Polyester staple fiber | 200–1,500 g/m²; high-strength and protection grades | High tensile strength, cushioning, filtration, and puncture protection | Geomembrane protection, retaining walls, tunnels, landfill covers, coastal works | ASTM D4632, ASTM D4751, ASTM D4491 |
| 4 | Biaxial Geogrid | PP or PET polymer strips | 20–80 kN/m tensile strength per principal direction | Aggregate interlock, lateral restraint, and base-course stabilization | Road bases, parking areas, working platforms, haul roads, and foundation improvement | ASTM D6637, ISO 10319 |
| 5 | Uniaxial Geogrid | HDPE or PET polymer | 40–200 kN/m tensile strength in the primary direction | Long-term tensile reinforcement and resistance to lateral soil movement | Reinforced-soil walls, steep slopes, bridge approaches, and embankments | ASTM D6637, ISO 10319 |
| 6 | Geosynthetic Clay Liner | Sodium bentonite between geotextiles | Approximately 3,500–6,000 g/m² bentonite mass per unit area | Self-sealing hydraulic barrier after hydration under confinement | Landfill caps and liners, secondary containment, ponds, canals, and remediation sites | ASTM D5887, ASTM D5890, ASTM D5993 |
| 7 | Geocomposite Drainage Layer | HDPE drainage core with geotextile filter | 5–20 mm core thickness; various transmissivity grades | In-plane drainage, filtration, and protection of waterproofing layers | Landfill drainage, basement walls, tunnels, green roofs, and retaining structures | ASTM D4716, ASTM D4751 |
| 8 | Geocell Confinement System | HDPE cellular strips | 50–200 mm cell depth; smooth or textured cell walls | Three-dimensional confinement of soil, aggregate, or concrete infill | Slope protection, unpaved roads, channel lining, load support, and erosion control | ASTM D6992, ASTM D5199 |
| 9 | PVC or TPU Waterstop Membrane | PVC or thermoplastic polyurethane | 1.00–2.00 mm flexible membrane or joint-sealing profiles | Waterproofing and controlled sealing of construction or expansion joints | Tunnels, underground structures, reservoirs, dams, and concrete water-retaining works | ASTM D882, ASTM D1004, EN 13361 |
| 10 | Erosion-Control Geomat | PP or HDPE three-dimensional mesh | 10–20 mm nominal thickness; open-volume structures | Surface-flow reduction, soil retention, and vegetation establishment | Cut slopes, embankments, riverbanks, drainage channels, and landscaped areas | ASTM D6525, ASTM D4355 |